Sid Meier's Civilization IV - PC - 2005
Picking up a classic here. Civilization IV was the ultimate version of the series for me personally. I played this so much that it became hard for me to play the sequels, so I don't know if later iterations have improved things beyond the presentation.
The things from this version that stood out to me:
- Diplomacy mechanics were more visible, and religion was added as essentially a viral force that affected relationships in diplomacy and civ happiness and almost nothing else. (The attempt to not make any value statements about any particular religion was in itself a value statement about religion in general).
- Strategic resources (e.g. Oil) were revealed in later eras (after civilizations were mostly already set up.) resulting in shaking up the world's stability
I think lots of the ways Civilization games represent human history that are a bit silly in how abstract they are, but it is interesting to think about them as reflections of the time in which they were made.